[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":555},["ShallowReactive",2],{"tech-linux-intro":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":546,"extension":547,"meta":548,"navigation":188,"path":551,"seo":552,"stem":553,"__hash__":554},"content\u002Ftech\u002Flinux-intro.md","Linux 入门指南",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":530},"minimark",[9,13,17,22,25,54,58,61,65,85,88,108,111,131,135,143,153,157,160,310,313,378,381,436,440,443,463,519,523,526],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"linux-入门指南",[14,15,16],"p",{},"欢迎来到 Linux 的世界！本指南将帮助你快速了解 Linux 操作系统的基本概念和常用命令。",[18,19,21],"h2",{"id":20},"一什么是-linux","一、什么是 Linux",[14,23,24],{},"Linux 是一个开源的类 Unix 操作系统内核，由 Linus Torvalds 于 1991 年创建。它具有以下特点：",[26,27,28,36,42,48],"ul",{},[29,30,31,35],"li",{},[32,33,34],"strong",{},"开源免费","：任何人都可以获取源代码并自由修改",[29,37,38,41],{},[32,39,40],{},"稳定性高","：Linux 服务器可以运行数月甚至数年而不需要重启",[29,43,44,47],{},[32,45,46],{},"安全性好","：权限管理机制完善，病毒和恶意软件相对较少",[29,49,50,53],{},[32,51,52],{},"灵活性强","：可以根据需求定制系统",[18,55,57],{"id":56},"二linux-发行版","二、Linux 发行版",[14,59,60],{},"Linux 内核本身并不是一个完整的操作系统，需要与各种软件组合在一起才能使用。常见的发行版包括：",[62,63,64],"h3",{"id":64},"桌面发行版",[26,66,67,73,79],{},[29,68,69,72],{},[32,70,71],{},"Ubuntu","：最流行的桌面发行版，用户友好",[29,74,75,78],{},[32,76,77],{},"Fedora","：社区驱动，更新频繁",[29,80,81,84],{},[32,82,83],{},"Linux Mint","：基于 Ubuntu，界面美观",[62,86,87],{"id":87},"服务器发行版",[26,89,90,96,102],{},[29,91,92,95],{},[32,93,94],{},"Debian","：稳定可靠，适合服务器环境",[29,97,98,101],{},[32,99,100],{},"CentOS","：企业级服务器首选",[29,103,104,107],{},[32,105,106],{},"Rocky Linux","：CentOS 的继任者",[62,109,110],{"id":110},"国产发行版",[26,112,113,119,125],{},[29,114,115,118],{},[32,116,117],{},"openEuler","：华为主导的开源操作系统",[29,120,121,124],{},[32,122,123],{},"UOS","：统一操作系统",[29,126,127,130],{},[32,128,129],{},"麒麟","：国产操作系统",[18,132,134],{"id":133},"三文件系统结构","三、文件系统结构",[14,136,137,138,142],{},"Linux 文件系统是一个树形结构，根目录为 ",[139,140,141],"code",{},"\u002F","：",[144,145,150],"pre",{"className":146,"code":148,"language":149},[147],"language-text","\u002F\n├── bin\u002F          # 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file.txt\n",[168,248,250],{"class":170,"line":249},12,[168,251,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,253,255],{"class":170,"line":254},13,[168,256,257],{"class":174},"# 复制文件\n",[168,259,261,264,267],{"class":170,"line":260},14,[168,262,263],{"class":181},"cp",[168,265,266],{"class":205}," source",[168,268,269],{"class":205}," destination\n",[168,271,273],{"class":170,"line":272},15,[168,274,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,276,278],{"class":170,"line":277},16,[168,279,280],{"class":174},"# 移动文件\n",[168,282,284,287,289],{"class":170,"line":283},17,[168,285,286],{"class":181},"mv",[168,288,266],{"class":205},[168,290,269],{"class":205},[168,292,294],{"class":170,"line":293},18,[168,295,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,297,299],{"class":170,"line":298},19,[168,300,301],{"class":174},"# 删除文件\n",[168,303,305,308],{"class":170,"line":304},20,[168,306,307],{"class":181},"rm",[168,309,246],{"class":205},[62,311,312],{"id":312},"系统信息",[144,314,316],{"className":162,"code":315,"language":164,"meta":152,"style":152},"# 查看当前用户\nwhoami\n\n# 查看系统信息\nuname -a\n\n# 查看磁盘空间\ndf -h\n\n# 查看内存使用\nfree -h\n",[139,317,318,323,328,332,337,345,349,354,362,366,371],{"__ignoreMap":152},[168,319,320],{"class":170,"line":171},[168,321,322],{"class":174},"# 查看当前用户\n",[168,324,325],{"class":170,"line":178},[168,326,327],{"class":181},"whoami\n",[168,329,330],{"class":170,"line":185},[168,331,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,333,334],{"class":170,"line":192},[168,335,336],{"class":174},"# 查看系统信息\n",[168,338,339,342],{"class":170,"line":198},[168,340,341],{"class":181},"uname",[168,343,344],{"class":201}," -a\n",[168,346,347],{"class":170,"line":209},[168,348,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,350,351],{"class":170,"line":214},[168,352,353],{"class":174},"# 查看磁盘空间\n",[168,355,356,359],{"class":170,"line":220},[168,357,358],{"class":181},"df",[168,360,361],{"class":201}," -h\n",[168,363,364],{"class":170,"line":229},[168,365,189],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":188},[168,367,368],{"class":170,"line":234},[168,369,370],{"class":174},"# 查看内存使用\n",[168,372,373,376],{"class":170,"line":240},[168,374,375],{"class":181},"free",[168,377,361],{"class":201},[62,379,380],{"id":380},"用户管理",[144,382,384],{"className":162,"code":383,"language":164,"meta":152,"style":152},"# 创建用户\nsudo useradd username\n\n# 设置密码\nsudo passwd username\n\n# 切换用户\nsu username\n",[139,385,386,391,402,406,411,420,424,429],{"__ignoreMap":152},[168,387,388],{"class":170,"line":171},[168,389,390],{"class":174},"# 创建用户\n",[168,392,393,396,399],{"class":170,"line":178},[168,394,395],{"class":181},"sudo",[168,397,398],{"class":205}," useradd",[168,400,401],{"class":205}," 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